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Original Articles
- Trends in Inequality in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence by Income According to Recent Anti-smoking Policies in Korea: Use of Three National Surveys
- Youngs Chang, Sanghyun Cho, Ikhan Kim, Jinwook Bahk, Young-Ho Khang
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):310-319. Published online October 30, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.225
- 7,543 View
- 150 Download
- 9 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material - Objectives
This study examined trends in inequality in cigarette smoking prevalence by income according to recent anti-smoking policies in Korea.
Methods
The data used in this study were drawn from three nationally representative surveys, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the Korea Community Health Survey, and the Social Survey of Statistics Korea. We calculated the age-standardized smoking prevalence, the slope index of inequality, and the relative index of inequality by income level as a socioeconomic position indicator.
Results
Smoking prevalence among men decreased during the study period, but the downward trend became especially pronounced in 2015, when the tobacco price was substantially increased. Inequalities in cigarette smoking by income were evident in both genders over the study period in all three national surveys examined. Absolute inequality tended to decrease between 2014 and 2015 among men. Absolute and relative inequality by income decreased between 2008 and 2016 in women aged 30-59, except between 2014 and 2015.
Conclusions
The recent anti-smoking policies in Korea resulted in a downward trend in smoking prevalence among men, but not in relative inequality, throughout the study period. Absolute inequality decreased over the study period among men aged 30-59. A more aggressive tax policy is warranted to further reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in young adults in Korea. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Area Specific Gap in Current Male Smoking and Factors Associated with a Secondary Data Analysis Based on a Socio-Ecological Model
Soo Kyung Jeong, Gye Ae Kim, Min Kyung Lim, Youn Hee Kim, Cho Hee Choi, Sang Mi Lee, Hun Jae Lee
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2022; 13(1): 20. CrossRef - Current Use of Heated Tobacco Products and Its Association with Socioeconomic Factors in Korean Adults: A Study Using Community Health Survey 2019
Sung Yeol Son, Seo Young Kang, Hong-Jun Cho
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2022; 13(4): 140. CrossRef - Trends in Alcohol Consumption for Korean Adults from 1998 to 2018: Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
Sang Young Kim, Hyun Ja Kim
Nutrients.2021; 13(2): 609. CrossRef - Tobacco price increases in Korea and their impact on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking and subsequent socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: a modelling study
Hwa-Kyung Lim, Young-Ho Khang
Tobacco Control.2021; 30(2): 160. CrossRef - Age- and cause-specific contributions to the life expectancy gap between Medical Aid recipients and National Health Insurance beneficiaries in Korea, 2008–2017
Jinwook Bahk, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young-Ho Khang, Fernando A. Wilson
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241755. CrossRef - A Multi-Disciplinary Study Into the Drivers of Smoking Cessation in South Korea
James E. Prieger, Anna Choi
SSRN Electronic Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Investigating the Drivers of Smoking Cessation: A Role of Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems?
Sam Hampsher, James E. Prieger
SSRN Electronic Journal .2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Long-term trends in smoking prevalence and its socioeconomic inequalities in Korea, 1992–2016
Youngs Chang, Hee-Yeon Kang, Dohee Lim, Hong-Jun Cho, Young-Ho Khang
International Journal for Equity in Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Socioeconomic Inequalities in e-Cigarette Use in Korea: Comparison with Inequalities in Conventional Cigarette Use Using Two National Surveys
Youngs Chang, Sanghyun Cho, Ikhan Kim, Young-Ho Khang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(22): 4458. CrossRef
- Income Differences in Smoking Prevalences in 245 Districts of South Korea: Patterns by Area Deprivation and Urbanity, 2008-2014
- Ikhan Kim, Jinwook Bahk, Tae-Ho Yoon, Sung-Cheol Yun, Young-Ho Khang
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(2):100-126. Published online February 9, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.069
- 12,950 View
- 317 Download
- 22 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objectives
The aim of this study was to measure income differences in smoking prevalence at the district level and to investigate correlations among area deprivation, smoking prevalence, and income differences in smoking prevalence, stratified by urbanity.
Methods
Data were pooled from the Community Health Survey data of South Korea between 2008 and 2014. The age-standardized prevalence of smoking and its interquintile income differences were calculated. We conducted correlation analyses to investigate the association of the deprivation index with smoking prevalence and interquintile differences in smoking prevalence.
Results
Across 245 districts, the median prevalence of smoking in men was 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.4 to 48.5%), with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4.6% points. In women, the median prevalence was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.4 to 3.6%) and IQR was 1.6% points. The median interquintile difference in smoking prevalence was 7.4% points (95% CI, 1.6 to 13.2% points) in men and 2.7% points (95% CI, 0.5 to 4.9% points) in women. The correlation coefficients for the association between the deprivation index and smoking prevalence was 0.58, 0.15, -0.22 in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively, among men, and 0.54, -0.33, -0.43 among women. No meaningful correlation was found between area deprivation and interquintile difference in smoking prevalence. The correlation between smoking prevalence and interquintile difference in smoking prevalence was more evident in women than in men.
Conclusions
This study provides evidence of geographical variations in smoking prevalence and interquintile difference in smoking prevalence. Neither smoking prevalence nor the deprivation index was closely correlated with interquintile income difference in smoking prevalence. Measuring inequalities in smoking prevalence is crucial to developing policies aimed at reducing inequalities in smoking. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Determinants of unhealthy living by gender, age group, and chronic health conditions across districts in South Korea using the 2010-2017 Community Health Surveys
Thi Tra Bui, Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen, Jinhee Lee, Sun Young Kim, Jin-Kyoung Oh
Epidemiology and Health.2024; : e2024014. CrossRef - Use of geographically weighted regression models to inform retail endgame strategies in South Korea: application to cigarette and ENDS prevalence
Heewon Kang, Eunsil Cheon, Jaeyoung Ha, Sung-il Cho
Tobacco Control.2023; : tc-2023-058117. CrossRef - Shift to a Younger Age and Regional Differences in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korea: Using Healthcare Administrative Data
Seo-Hee Kim, Yujin Park, Seong Pyo Kim, Sung Hee Lee, Seak Hee Oh, Suk-Kyun Yang, Hyung-Jin Yoon, Kyung Mo Kim
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(11): 5079. CrossRef - The Gaps in Health-Adjusted Life Years (HALE) by Income and Region in Korea: A National Representative Bigdata Analysis
Young-Eun Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Minsu Ock, Hyesook Park, Ki-Beom Kim, Dun-Sol Go, Seok-Jun Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(7): 3473. CrossRef - Differential changes in quitting smoking by daily cigarette consumption and intention to quit after the introduction of a tobacco tax increase and pictorial cigarette pack warnings in Korea, 2013–2017
Ikhan Kim, Young-Ho Khang
Drug and Alcohol Dependence.2020; 213: 108085. CrossRef - Life Expectancy in Areas around Subway Stations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area in Korea, 2008–2017
Ikhan Kim, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young-Ho Khang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Income differences in screening, incidence, postoperative complications, and mortality of thyroid cancer in South Korea: a national population-based time trend study
Hee-Yeon Kang, Ikhan Kim, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jinwook Bahk, Young-Ho Khang
BMC Cancer.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - A Multi-Disciplinary Study Into the Drivers of Smoking Cessation in South Korea
James E. Prieger, Anna Choi
SSRN Electronic Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Investigating the Drivers of Smoking Cessation: A Role of Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems?
Sam Hampsher, James E. Prieger
SSRN Electronic Journal .2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Convenience store visitors recall cigarette advertisements even if they do not purchase cigarettes
Ji-eun Hwang, Sung-il Cho, Yu-seon Yang, Joung-eun Lee, Seon-young Lee, Yu-mi Oh
Journal of Public Health.2019; 41(4): 732. CrossRef - A spatial analysis of geographic variation and factors associated with hospitalization for bacterial pneumonia in Korea
Agnus M. Kim, Sungchan Kang, Jong Heon Park, Tae Ho Yoon, Yoon Kim
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions as an indicator of access to primary care and excess of bed supply
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BMC Health Services Research.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - An ecological study of geographic variation and factors associated with cesarean section rates in South Korea
Agnus M. Kim, Jong Heon Park, Sungchan Kang, Tae Ho Yoon, Yoon Kim
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Long-term trends in smoking prevalence and its socioeconomic inequalities in Korea, 1992–2016
Youngs Chang, Hee-Yeon Kang, Dohee Lim, Hong-Jun Cho, Young-Ho Khang
International Journal for Equity in Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - A publicly well-accepted measure versus an academically desirable measure of health inequality: cross-sectional comparison of the difference between income quintiles with the slope index of inequality
Young-Ho Khang, Dohee Lim, Jinwook Bahk, Ikhan Kim, Hee-Yeon Kang, Youngs Chang, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
BMJ Open.2019; 9(6): e028687. CrossRef - Prevalence of Overweight and Income Gaps in 245 Districts of Korea: Comparison Using the National Health Screening Database and the Community Health Survey, 2009–2014
Ikhan Kim, Jinwook Bahk, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jeehye Lee, Hee-Yeon Kang, Juyeon Lee, Sung-Cheol Yun, Jong Heon Park, Soon-Ae Shin, Young-Ho Khang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparison of District-level Smoking Prevalence and Their Income Gaps from Two National Databases: the National Health Screening Database and the Community Health Survey in Korea, 2009–2014
Ikhan Kim, Jinwook Bahk, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jeehye Lee, Hee-Yeon Kang, Juyeon Lee, Sung-Cheol Yun, Jong Heon Park, Soon-Ae Shin, Young-Ho Khang
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Environmental and Ecological Statistics.2018; 25(3): 341. CrossRef - The Disease Burden of Lung Cancer Attributable to Residential Radon Exposure in Korean Homes
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